Repetidor Puente

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Traducción del artículo Repeater Bridge del wiki de DD-WRT en inglés --04 Julio 2010


Tú estás aquí: DD-WRT wiki mainpage / DD-WRT wiki en Español / HOWTOs Configuración / Enlazando Routers / Repetidor Puente


Un puente inalámbrico conecta dos segmentos de LAN con un enlace inalámbrico. Los dos segmentos están en la misma subred y parecen dos switches ethernet conectados por un cable a todos los equipos de la subred. Dado que los equipos están en la misma subred, las comunicaciones llegan a todas las máquinas. Los clientes DHCP en un segmento pueden obtener sus direcciones de un servidor DHCP en el otro segmento.

Use un puente inalámbrico para conectar de forma transparente los computadoras en una habitación a las computadoras en un habitación diferente cuando no puede -o no quiere- tender un cable ethernet entre las dos habitaciones.

Un puente inalámbrico standard (puente cliente) conecta a los clientes de un router secundario como si estuviesen conectados con un cable a su router principal. Los clientes secundarios comparten el ancho de banda de la conexión inalámbrica con la de retorno su router principal. Por supuesto, usted todavía puede conectar a los clientes con el router principal utilizando una conexión por cable o una conexión inalámbrica.

La limitación al puente inalámbrico standard es que sólo permite a los clientes por cable conectarse al router secundario. Los clientes inalámbricos no pueden conectarse a su router secundario configurado como un puente standard.

Nuevo en el DD-WRT v24 es modo Repetidor Puente (Repeater Bridge). Esto extiende su LAN primaria a través de su router secundario (router puente) y también permite a los clientes inalámbricos conectarse a su router secundario. Esto amplía el alcance de su red inalámbrica al mismo tiempo que permite a los clientes por cable conectarse al router secundario.

Imagen de referencia
Imagen de referencia

En el caso en el que nos interesa, un router secundario corriendo DD-WRT v24 se configura como puente repetidor (Repeater Bridge) entre el un router inalámbrico primario (de cualquier fabricante/marca/FW) que permite la configuración anterior.

Supuestos:

Router primario es configurado en la subred 192.168.1.X y cede direcciones DHCP en el mismo grupo. Router secundario corre DD-WRT v24.

Ninguna configuración de seguridad se tratará en este Wiki. Corresponderá al usuario configurar la seguridad entre los routers primario y secundario.

Nota: Si no está seguro de lo que está haciendo, es aconsejable la práctica mediante la creación primero de un router en modo puente cliente (client bridge) y que funcione correctamente. El modo puente cliente es más sencillo, pero la mayoría de las configuraciones son las mismas. Una vez usted entienda cómo establecer un puente cliente y hacerlo funcionar, a continuación, proceda a la creación de puentes de repetición (Repeater Bridge).


Contents

Broadcom

Instrucciones

Una muy sencilla descripción paso a paso para conectar un router que ejecuta el firmware DD-WRTV24 seleccionado en modo Repetidor Puente. (Esto funciona para casi todos, pero verifique las notas individuales de los routers más abajo)

Si está usando un router G, use la build 12548 para crear un puente inalámbrico. NO USE SP1 o LA BUILD MAY 24 08.

Para activar el modo puente entre dos routers, el router primario debe estar en modo AP (defecto) con DHCP Server activado. El router secondario corriendo DD-WRT v24 se configurará como Repetidor Puente o Repeater Bridge.

  1. Restaure los valores de fábrica en el router secundario (DD-WRT)
  2. Haga Hard reset or 30/30/30 en el router.
  3. Configure su computadora a IP estatica 192.168.1.9
  4. Conecte al router secondario por cable o cliente inalámbico teniendo en cuenta los ajustes por defecto DD-WRT para el grupo DHCP y SSID
  5. Abra la pestaña Wireless -> Basic Settings/Inalámbrico -> Config Básica
    • En la sección Physical Interface
      • Wireless Mode/Modo Inalámbrico : Repeater Bridge
      • Wireless Network Mode/Modo de Red Wi-Fi : debe ser igual al router primario
      • Wireless Network Name (SSID)/Nombre de Red Wi-Fi (SSID) : debe ser igual al router primario - Asegúrese de que lo escribe de manera correcta
      • Wireless Channel/Canal Inalámbrico : debe ser igual al router primario (Esto desaparecerá una vez que lo pone en modo de Repeater Bridge, y no se necesita)
      • Wireless SSID Broadcast/Broadcast SSID Inalámbrico : Enable
      • Network Configuration : Bridged
      • Save/Grabar Config.
    • En la sección Virtual Interfaces
      • Add/Añadir
      • Wireless Network Name (SSID)/Nombre de Red Wi-Fi (SSID) : Diferente a la del router primario
        • [NOTA] - Puede probar utilizar el mismo SSID, pero muchos han tenido desconexión al azar y/o no conexión si los SSID son los mismos. Si se utiliza el mismo SSID y no funciona, utilice un SSID distinto al del router primario
      • Wireless SSID Broadcast/Broadcast SSID Inalámbrico : Enable
      • AP Isolation/Aislamiento AP : Disable/Desactivado
      • Network Configuration : Bridged
      • Save/Grabar Config.
  6. Abra la pestaña Wireless -> Wireless Security/Inalámbrico -> Seguridad Inalámbrica
    • En la sección Physical Interface
      • Security Mode : debe ser igual al router primario
      • WPA Algorithms/Algoritmos WPA  : debe ser igual al router primario
      • WPA Shared Key/Clave Compartida WPA : debe ser igual al router primario
      • Key Renewal Interval (in seconds) : deje el por defecto
    • En la sección Virtual Interfaces (Nota: Si no ve esta sección debe actualizar el firmware a v24-SP1 o posterior)
      • Security Mode : debe ser igual a Physical Interface
      • WPA Algorithms/Algoritmos WPA  : debe ser igual a Physical Interface
      • WPA Shared Key/Clave Compartida WPA : debe ser igual a Physical Interface
      • Key Renewal Interval (in seconds) : deje el por defecto
      • Save/Grabar Config.
  7. Abra la pestaña Setup -> Basic Setup
    • WAN Connection Type/Tipo de Conexión : Disabled/Desactivar
    • STP: Disabled/Desactivar (Enable algunas veces puede causar problemas de conexión) redhawk
    • Local IP Address/IP Local (LAN) : 192.168.1.2 (asumiendo que la IP del router primario es 192.168.1.1)
    • Subnet Mask/Máscara Subred : 255.255.255.0
    • Gateway/Puerta de Enlace: 192.168.1.1 (asumiendo también que la IP del router primario es 192.168.1.1)
    • DHCP Server/Servidor DHCP: Disable/Desactivar
    • Local DNS: 192.168.1.1 (si la IP del router primario es 192.168.1.1)
    • Assign WAN Port to Switch/Assigar Puerto WAN Port a cambiar : Opcionalmente marque esto para usar el puerto WAN como otro puerto LAN.
    • Save/Grabar Config.
  8. Abra la pestaña Setup -> Advanced Routing/Setup -> Ruteo Avanzado
    • Change operating mode to/Modo de Operación : Router
    • Save/Grabar Config.
  9. Abra la pestaña Services -> Services
    • DNSMasq : Disable/Desactivar
    • Save/Grabar Config.
  10. Abra la pestaña Security -> Firewall
    • Desmarque todas las casillas...excepto Filter Multicast/Filtrado Multicast
    • Apply Settings/Aplicar
  11. Reinicie el router
  12. Una vez que haya funcionado, ir a la pestaña de seguridad inalámbrica, y establecer el mismo tipo de seguridad y clave tanto para la SSID primaria y la el repetidor y haga clic en Apply/Aplicar.
  13. VUELVA SU COMPUTADORA A AUTO IP Y AUTO DNS.

Ahora debería ser capaz de conectar a los clientes por cable e inalámbricos a la nueva configuración router secundaria. Ellos recibirán las direcciones IP del router primario y podrán utilizar la conexión a Internet proporcionada por el router primario.

Asimismo, tome nota del hecho de que todos los repetidores, incluyendo este modo Repetidor Puente, sacrificará la mitad del ancho de banda disponible en el router primario para los clientes conectados inalámbricamente al repetidor. Este es el resultado de la toma de repetición se vuelve a hablar no sólo a uno de los socios, sino a dos, y tener que retransmitir el tráfico entre ellos. Siempre y cuando su ancho de banda de Internet se encuentran dentro de esta cantidad de ancho de banda reducido a la mitad habrá poca o ninguna reducción de la "velocidad".

Solución de problemas

El tipo de cifrado y la clave debe ser la misma tanto en el router primario y secundario.

Clientes inalámbricos no pueden conectarse a Repetidor

--06 July 2010 Image:Mypage puc.gif
Please note: This template application {{Under construction}} should be removed from the article in a few days.


Disable security and try again. Delete and re-create your profile on the wireless computer. Check to make sure you have set security properly and that the key you used matches the key in the primary router. If one security type doesn't work try another on all routers. eg. try WEP, WPA, and WPA2-AES


At Point 7 I didn't find the possibilty to disable DHCP-Server so I ignored this setting. After this I resetted the linksys-router and started setup again and inserted a Point 4a)

4a) Open the Setup -> Basic Setup tab DHCP-Server: Disable

Then I continued with point 5 After this I didn't have any problems to connect wireless client to the repeater --Haidi 15:20, 4 May 2010 (CEST)


Atleas i couldn't connect my dd-wrt (server) router when security mode was "wpa2 personal mixed" in both "client" and the "server" (server = router with direct internet access). I had to change client protection mode to "wpa2 personal" to get it working (Wireless->Wireless Security). Someone please correct me if im wrong but i think wpa2 personal mixed means that it uses both wpa(1) and wpa2 and attempt to connect with both doesn't work. Before i changed client to wpa2 personal i got only TX errors from status->systeminfo and no RX packeges at all. ---compvter dd-wrt v24-sp2(10.10.09)

NAT

Open the Set-up -> Advanced Routing tab and change the mode to "router" instead of "gateway".

Wireless Clients have no Internet

Make sure you have a gateway specified in the repeater bridge router, and that the address there is the primary router.

Linksys

(tested on WRT54G v3 on v24 sp2 10/10/09 standard build)

The instructions are the same as for the broadcom above except for a couple of changes:

1. For this router you will want to do the basic settings tab first (setting IP address of router, subnet, etc...)

2. Make sure to check "assign WAN port to switch" and apply settings or internet may not work off the repeater.

After this make sure your new subnet/ip address settings are working well on your router. If you try to do the wireless bridging first without making sure that your router isn't on the same ip address as the primary and is on the same subnet your router may become unresponsive. A 30-30-30 reset will fix this problem.

Finally, once and ONLY AFTER you are connected to your host AP, as the final step you will want to go to Setup > Advanced routing tab and change the setting from Gateway to Router. Then enable dynamic routing for both Lan & Wlan and apply your settings.

The other steps and procedures listed above for broadcom should work perfectly. I advise using a wired connection as it verifies the connection to the host AP best, then you can test wireless capability. Mine worked beautifully with WPA2 encryption and SSID's being the same.

Make sure that you click save, not apply between each step, as when you click apply, you will activate all changes, which may make accessing the router difficult.

Atheros

Setup

Set you wlan to client_bridge and connect to the to be repeated AP
Add virtual interface and set it as AP

SSIDs

Under "Wireless -> Basic Settings", you must use the primary router's SSID for the physical interface and a new SSID for the virtual interface. Some people argue the physical interface can also be the same in order to support roaming (see Repeating Mode Comparisons)

Security

Keep in mind any security settings will need to be configured including MAC filtering in order for the Secondary Router to connect to the Primary Router and also for clients connecting to the Secondary Router to gain full access to the connectivity of the Primary Router. There are some factors to consider when setting up Security for Client Bridge mode that may or may not be factors when setting up Repeater Bridge mode. I simply have not experimented with this.

[NOTE {Montrealmike}]Also when your adding WEP,WPA,WPA2 etc... between the AP and the repeater bridge you have to start with the AP first; then the repeater bridge.When you enable security on the repeater click save not apply, then click on the administration tab scroll down to the bottom and click apply settings. You will then have to power cycle the repeater twice ( unplug and plug back in twice ) in order for the repeater bridge and AP to synchronize. This has worked for four repeater bridges for me.

Edit - Altair - In my experience the above advice of power cycling the router has been confirmed. I spent 20 minutes trying different things to no avail before I finally gave in and tried power cycling it twice (I honestly didn't believe it would do anything). After the power cycle it has been working flawlessly.

Edit - pmiller - I can also confirm the power cycling to sync the repeater to the AP. You can confirm that the repeater has syncronized with the AP by going to the Status>Wireless tab on the AP and viewing the MAC address of the repeater with some % signal quality value. Before doing 2 power cycles on the repeater, the MAC address would display on the AP's Status>Wireless tab, but with 0% signal quality. After the power cycles the % quality displayed around 30%. I played around with other security settings later on the AP and found the 2 power cycles to be unnecessary after the 2 had originally sync'ed- no idea why this would work, but it did. I had some difficulty at first because I had security enabled on the AP as WPA2-Personal Mixed, which is basically WPA2-AES or WPA-TKIP simultaneously. The repeater is unable to connect with the AP in this mixed mode; rather you must choose between WPA2-AES or WPA-TKIP . I have now switched both my wireless security settings to WPA-TKIP (physical and virtual) just for simplicity, though in theory the virtual need not match the physical. Your security is as good as the weakest link. For those having trouble, I would turn off all security and turn on SSID broadcast first, then once you get a good sync turn on security on the AP first, then the repeater.

Edit - aselvan - I have this setup on identical hardware (i.e. Linksys wrt310n) for AP and repeater running identical DDWRT (v24 standard generic). However, I can't get the WPA2 working between the repeater unit and AP no matter what combination I tried-- the repeater and AP can't connect, however, WEP and WAP works. Anyone have any idea?

Edit - crandler - WPA2 personal mixed with Linksys WAG160N as DSL uplink with original firmware and WRT160N with dd-wrt v24 std in repeater bridge mode does not function. Had do switch both devices to WPA2 personal.

Edit - ytal - Using encryption for the bridged connection only works if I either use the same encryption data (incl. ESSID) on the other (virtual) interface or do not use any encryption on the virtual interface at all. If set differently, the wireless link to the base station fails. Base station is a Speedport W500V / Targa WR 500 VoIP (http://forum.openwrt.org/viewtopic.php?id=5774) with the original Telekom firmware.

Edit - Andy - Running v24-sp1, I am also unable to have different WPA2-Personal (AES) key's between the physical and virtual interface. The security and keys must match. Upon saving and cycling the power, the status page on the AP shows signal to the repeaters, but no ping responses or network traffic exists. Also, the Repeater Bridge function fails if I turn broadcast off on the AP.

Edit -PeterMartin, RFShop - Avoid using the passphrase generator with WEP. You can’t overtype the key codes later. (Or rather you can and they do work but the old ones are the ones that remain visible. Very Difficult to erase.) Instead type in the key codes directly. Or better still copy and paste from a text file, which you need to keep for reference, as they are not visible once typed in. Agree that encryption has to be the same for both secondary and primary network. Same keys too. Same bugs seem to be present on Universal Repeater Mode.

Edit - RamonBuckland - I found that setting the security to off worked first. But WPA2 Personal did not. I then lowered the key refresh to 15 seconds (same Wireless Security settings tab) on both routers and applied. They then found each other. One would figure if I were patient enough (to wait 3600 seconds, 1 hour) then it would have worked. So .. I think the key renewal is what throws them. I have it now working WPA2 Personal (AES) with a key renewal of 15 seconds. Perhaps upping it now to an hour and walking away (from the house) they will work :-) logically. Good work peoples.

Edit - MikeMaven - I'd just like to add my own confirmation. I was having problems with WPA2 at first. I think it was a result of the key refresh not occuring. I set it to 15 seconds, reconnected, and everything seems to be working great! For the record, I'm connecting to a 2wire AP using WPA2-Personal and the same key on both the physical and virtual interface.

Accessing Both Routers?

With this setup, I have full access to both routers — which runs contrary to a lot of the notes concerning Client Bridge mode. One router is http://192.168.1.1, and the other is http://192.168.1.2. I can access both from either side of the bridge. There is no need to change any settings or IP addresses or the like with this setup in order to do so!

Unfortunately I had no luck accessing both my WRT54GS routers. One was 192.168.1.1 - gateway the other was 192.168.1.2 - the repeater. As soon as I added the 192.168,1.2 to my network the DD-WRT web mgt interface kept giving me intermitttent page not found errors. These errors did not occur when I added one OR the other to the network. Both were on 255.255.255.0

Edit - Ottoxgam - When setting up the 2nd router in Repeater Bridge mode, on the Setup tab under the Network Setup in the Router IP section, The Gateway and Local DNS boxes should be left at 0.0.0.0. This provides access to both routers via the web interface. The problem seems to be when something is entered in the Local Dns box.

Edit - Fixitguy - My setup lets me access both routers (surprisingly) with the instructions followed perfectly. I am using a Linksys WRT54G v3 and a Netgear WGR614 v9. I didn't think this would work but it does. When you are instructed to put 192.168.1.1 in any box, just make sure it's the address of the primary router. Also, you want to make sure you have the latest version of DD-WRT on the secondary router. Although, I am going to try to change the password on the secondary and bridge a third to the secondary.

MAC Filtering

For those of you who have enabled MAC filtering on your Primary router, you need to add the WLAN MAC address of your Secondary router to the permitted MAC filter list of the Primary router. This is different than the MAC address printed on the bottom of the case, you can find it by going to Status->Wireless and the top line will list the internal MAC address. Of course, you will want to add the MAC filter list to the Secondary router. This should be setup prior configuring your WPA, WPA2, etc. settings otherwise you will spend some time pondering why the bridge isn't working.

[EDIT - Redhawk] - The wording here was a little confusing. Once I used the Wireless MAC address then all worked correctly....the MAC filter address on the Primary router needs to be the "Wireless MAC" address listed on the Router Status page and not the LAN MAC address . (Use Router MAC +2) - Yes...I know it says WLAN but for an noob doing this procedure it could be confused.


Special thanks to Griminal for providing a basic graphic which I modified for this Wiki Entry.

IF YOUR ROUTER WIRELESS KEEP DISCONNECTING PLEASE CHOSE REPEATER AND NOT REPEATER BRIDGE

See Also